X-Band Attenuation and Liquid Water Content Estimation by a Dual-Wavelength Radar

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1252-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Eccles ◽  
Eugene A. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
X Band

scholarly journals Snow dielectric properties: from DC to microwave X-band

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH. Achammer ◽  
A. Denoth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
X Band ◽  
Grain Size And Shape

Broadband measurements of dielectric properties of natural snow samples near or at 0°C are reported. Measurement quantities are: dielectric permittivity, loss factor and complex propagation factor for electromagnetic waves. X-band measurements were made in a cold room in the laboratory; measurements at low and intermediate frequencies were carried out both in the field (Stubai Alps, 3300 m; Hafelekar near Innsbruck, 2100 m) and in the cold room. Results show that in the different frequency ranges the relative effect on snow dielectric properties of the parameters: density, grain-size and shape, liquid water content, shape and distribution of liquid inclusions and content of impurities, varies significantly. In the low-frequency range the influence of grain-size and shape and snow density dominates; in the medium-frequency range liquid water content and density are the dominant parameters. In the microwave X-band the influence of the amount, shape and distribution of liquid inclusions and snow density is more important than that of the remaining parameters.

Sources of Error in Dual-Wavelength Radar Remote Sensing of Cloud Liquid Water Content

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Williams ◽  
J. Vivekanandan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
Cloud Liquid Water ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cloud Liquid Water Content

Abstract Dual-wavelength ratio (DWR) techniques offer the prospect of producing high-resolution mapping of cloud microphysical properties, including retrievals of cloud liquid water content (LWC) from reflectivity measured by millimeter-wavelength radars. Unfortunately, noise and artifacts in the DWR require smoothing to obtain physically realistic values of LWC with a concomitant loss of resolution. Factors that cause inaccuracy in the retrieved LWC include uncertainty in gas and liquid water attenuation coefficients, Mie scattering due to large water droplets or ice particles, corruption of the radar reflectivities by noise and nonatmospheric returns, and artifacts due to mismatched radar illumination volumes. The error analysis presented here consists of both analytic and heuristic arguments; it is illustrated using data from the Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project (MWISP) and from an idealized simulation. In addition to offering insight into design considerations for a DWR system, some results suggest methods that may mitigate some of these sources of error for existing systems and datasets.

scholarly journals Snow dielectric properties: from DC to microwave X-band

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH. Achammer ◽  
A. Denoth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
X Band ◽  
Grain Size And Shape

Broadband measurements of dielectric properties of natural snow samples near or at 0°C are reported. Measurement quantities are: dielectric permittivity, loss factor and complex propagation factor for electromagnetic waves. X-band measurements were made in a cold room in the laboratory; measurements at low and intermediate frequencies were carried out both in the field (Stubai Alps, 3300 m; Hafelekar near Innsbruck, 2100 m) and in the cold room. Results show that in the different frequency ranges the relative effect on snow dielectric properties of the parameters: density, grain-size and shape, liquid water content, shape and distribution of liquid inclusions and content of impurities, varies significantly. In the low-frequency range the influence of grain-size and shape and snow density dominates; in the medium-frequency range liquid water content and density are the dominant parameters. In the microwave X-band the influence of the amount, shape and distribution of liquid inclusions and snow density is more important than that of the remaining parameters.

scholarly journals Proof of Concept: Development of Snow Liquid Water Content Profiler Using CS650 Reflectometers at Caribou, ME, USA

Sensors ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez Díaz ◽  
Jonathan Muñoz ◽  
Tarendra Lakhankar ◽  
Reza Khanbilvardi ◽  
Peter Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Field Measurement of the Liquid-Water Content of Snow

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (95) ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Field Measurement ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Field Trials

Abstract Field trials show that the liquid-water content of snow can be determined simply and cheaply by a version of Bader’s solution method.

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